Law, Military Science and Security Safety in Society

Forensic Biology Evidence Value Explained Training

SAQA US 242709 | NQF 5 | Credits 12 | Duration 9 Days
From $1,798 per delegate

Description

This course equips learners with the ability to explain the evidential value of forensic biology examinations within the South African criminal justice system. It covers the scientific principles, collection, preservation, and analysis of biological evidence, and how such evidence contributes to legal proceedings. Learners will understand the role of forensic biology in linking suspects, victims, and crime scenes.

Learning Outcomes

  • Explain the scientific principles underlying forensic biology examinations, including DNA analysis and serology.
  • Evaluate the evidential value of different types of biological evidence such as blood, semen, saliva, and hair.
  • Apply appropriate methods for the collection, preservation, and chain of custody of biological samples.
  • Analyze case studies to determine how forensic biology evidence contributes to criminal investigations.
  • Demonstrate the ability to interpret laboratory results and communicate their significance in a legal context.
  • Assess the limitations and potential sources of error in forensic biology examinations.

Target Audience

This course is designed for forensic science practitioners, crime scene investigators, laboratory technicians, and law enforcement officers who require a foundational understanding of forensic biology evidence. It is also suitable for legal professionals seeking to interpret biological evidence in court.

Prerequisites

None — open enrollment.

Course Outline

Day 1: Introduction to Forensic Biology and Evidence

Objectives:
• Define forensic biology and its role in criminal investigations
• Explain the chain of custody and its importance
• Identify different types of biological evidence
• Describe the principles of evidence value
• Outline the legal framework for forensic evidence in South Africa

Topics:
• What is forensic biology?
• Role of forensic biology in the justice system
• Types of biological evidence: blood, semen, saliva, hair, tissue
• Chain of custody: documentation and integrity
• Evidence value: probative vs. contextual
• Legal standards: admissibility and relevance
• Overview of SAQA and accreditation requirements

Day 2: DNA Structure, Function, and Analysis Basics

Objectives:
• Describe DNA structure and function
• Explain DNA replication and inheritance
• Outline the DNA analysis workflow
• Discuss sources of DNA in forensic samples
• Identify factors affecting DNA quality and quantity

Topics:
• DNA structure: double helix, nucleotides, base pairing
• DNA function: coding and non-coding regions
• DNA replication and cell division
• Forensic DNA markers: STRs, SNPs
• DNA extraction methods
• Quantification and amplification (PCR)
• Sources of DNA: blood, buccal cells, touch DNA
• Factors affecting DNA: degradation, contamination, inhibitors

Day 3: Biological Evidence Collection and Preservation

Objectives:
• Describe proper collection techniques for various biological evidence
• Explain preservation methods to maintain evidence integrity
• Identify potential contamination risks and mitigation strategies
• Demonstrate documentation procedures for evidence
• Discuss packaging and labeling requirements

Topics:
• Collection techniques: swabbing, cutting, scraping
• Preservation: drying, refrigeration, freezing
• Contamination control: PPE, clean techniques
• Documentation: labels, seals, forms
• Packaging: paper bags, envelopes, containers
• Chain of custody: transfer and storage
• Case scenarios: crime scene to laboratory

Day 4: Serology and Body Fluid Identification

Objectives:
• Explain the principles of serology in forensic biology
• Describe presumptive and confirmatory tests for blood, semen, and saliva
• Interpret test results and understand limitations
• Identify body fluid stains using alternative light sources
• Discuss the role of serology in evidence screening

Topics:
• Overview of serology: antigens, antibodies, enzymes
• Presumptive tests: Kastle-Meyer, luminol, acid phosphatase
• Confirmatory tests: RSID, microscopic identification
• Alternative light sources: UV, forensic light sources
• Bloodstain pattern analysis basics
• Semen detection: PSA, microscopy
• Saliva detection: amylase test
• Limitations and false positives/negatives

Day 5: DNA Profiling and Interpretation

Objectives:
• Describe the process of DNA profiling using STR analysis
• Explain how DNA profiles are generated and compared
• Interpret DNA profiles from single and mixed samples
• Understand statistical weight of DNA evidence
• Discuss reporting and testimony of DNA results

Topics:
• STR loci and multiplex PCR
• Capillary electrophoresis and electropherograms
• Allele calling and profile generation
• Mixed DNA profiles: interpretation challenges
• Statistical calculations: random match probability, likelihood ratios
• Database searching: CODIS, national databases
• Reporting guidelines and expert testimony
• Case examples: single-source vs. mixtures

Day 6: Non-Human Forensic Biology

Objectives:
• Identify types of non-human biological evidence in forensic cases
• Explain DNA analysis methods for animals, plants, and microbes
• Describe applications in wildlife crime and biocrime
• Discuss legal considerations for non-human evidence
• Evaluate the value of non-human evidence in investigations

Topics:
• Animal DNA: species identification, individualization
• Plant DNA: cannabis, timber, poaching
• Microbial forensics: bioterrorism, food safety
• Wildlife crime: CITES, rhino horn, ivory
• Soil and pollen analysis
• Legal admissibility of non-human evidence
• Case studies: animal attacks, crop contamination

Day 7: Quality Assurance and Laboratory Management

Objectives:
• Explain the principles of quality assurance in forensic biology
• Describe accreditation standards (ISO 17025, SANAS)
• Implement quality control measures in DNA analysis
• Manage laboratory safety and contamination prevention
• Understand proficiency testing and audits

Topics:
• Quality management systems
• ISO 17025 requirements for forensic labs
• SANAS accreditation process
• Quality control: controls, standards, validation
• Contamination prevention: workflow, cleaning, monitoring
• Proficiency testing: internal and external
• Audits: internal, external, corrective actions
• Laboratory safety: biological hazards, chemicals, waste

Day 8: Evidence Evaluation and Reporting

Objectives:
• Evaluate the probative value of biological evidence in context
• Write clear and objective forensic reports
• Present evidence effectively in court
• Understand the role of the expert witness
• Discuss ethical considerations in forensic biology

Topics:
• Evidence evaluation: relevance, reliability, weight
• Report structure: findings, methods, conclusions
• Statement writing: factual, unbiased, understandable
• Courtroom testimony: direct and cross-examination
• Expert witness responsibilities
• Ethical issues: bias, confidentiality, integrity
• Case review: critique of reports and testimony

Day 9: Integration and Case Studies

Objectives:
• Apply knowledge to complex case scenarios
• Integrate multiple evidence types to build a case
• Critically evaluate forensic biology evidence
• Discuss emerging technologies and future trends
• Demonstrate competence through a capstone exercise

Topics:
• Complex case studies: sexual assault, homicide, paternity
• Integrating DNA, serology, and non-human evidence
• Cold cases and DNA databases
• Emerging technologies: NGS, rapid DNA, phenotyping
• Ethical and legal challenges
• Capstone case analysis and presentation
• Review of key concepts and assessment

Practicals

27 hours of practicals To be conducted online or on-campus or in-house
Overview

Practical sessions provide hands-on experience with biological evidence collection, serological testing, DNA extraction and profiling, and evidence evaluation. Learners will apply theoretical knowledge in simulated crime scene and laboratory settings to develop technical skills and reinforce learning.

Practical Activities
  • Practical 1: Biological Evidence Collection and Packaging — Learners simulate crime scene scenarios to collect various biological evidence (blood, semen, saliva, hair) using proper techniques, and package items following chain of custody protocols. (6h)
  • Practical 2: Serological Testing for Body Fluids — Learners perform presumptive and confirmatory tests on simulated stains to identify blood, semen, and saliva, and interpret results. (6h)
  • Practical 3: DNA Extraction and Quantification — Learners extract DNA from buccal swabs and blood samples using commercial kits, and quantify DNA using spectrophotometry or fluorometry. (6h)
  • Practical 4: DNA Profiling and Interpretation — Learners analyse provided electropherograms from STR analysis to generate DNA profiles, interpret single-source and mixed profiles, and calculate statistical weights. (6h)
  • Practical 5: Case Scenario Integration and Reporting — Learners integrate evidence from prior practicals into a mock case, prepare a forensic report, and present findings in a simulated court setting. (3h)

Summatives

Each delegate is assessed continuously throughout the course via daily exercises, scored practical assignments, and a final summative test at the end.

Practical Assignments — 30%

Practical assignments are observed and scored against a rubric during the practical sessions. Each delegate's practical mark is averaged into a single 100% score and contributes 30% to the final total.

Daily Exercises — 20%

Every training day ends with a multiple-choice exercise scored out of 100%. The scores from each daily exercise are averaged across the duration of the course to produce a Daily Average mark, which contributes 20% to the final total.

Final Test — 50%

On the last day a final summative test is written. It is a multiple-choice paper with multiple-answer questions: each question may have more than one correct option, and a single wrong selection on a question marks the entire question wrong — no partial credit. The final test is scored out of 100% and contributes 50% to the overall mark.

Final Total
Component Out of Weight
Practical Assignments (rubric-scored) 100% 30%
Daily Average (multiple choice) 100% 20%
Final Test (multi-answer multiple choice) 100% 50%
Final Total 100%

All marks are recorded on the AATICD LMS and visible to each learner under their account.

Certificate

Certificate of Completion

Awarded to delegates who achieve an overall mark of 50% or higher on the Final Total (Practicals 30% + Daily Average 20% + Final Test 50%).

How it works
  • Certificates are auto-generated on the AATICD LMS as soon as the marks pass the 50% threshold.
  • Each certificate is a branded PDF with the delegate's name, the course title, the unit standard ID, NQF level, credits, and the date of issue.
  • You can download or print your certificate from your LMS dashboard at any time after issue — there's no reissue fee and no expiry date.
  • If you scored under 50% you can sit the final test again at the next scheduled session at no extra cost.
Where to find it

Sign in to the LMS, open your dashboard, and your certificates appear under My Certificates. Each entry has a View / Download button and a print option.

Training Discounts

Group discounts apply automatically — the more delegates you enrol, the greater the saving. Discounts are calculated at 3% per 5 delegates, scaling up to 40% off for 100+ delegates.

Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% discount per 5 delegates, up to 40% off for 100+ delegates. Contact us for a custom group quote.

Upcoming Training Sessions
Online training — attend live sessions from anywhere via our virtual classroom.
Start End Delivery Season Price Action
Mon 07 Sep 2026 Thu 17 Sep 2026 Virtual Spring 2026 $1,798 Register
Fri 02 Oct 2026 Wed 14 Oct 2026 Virtual Spring 2026 $1,798 Register
Thu 22 Oct 2026 Tue 03 Nov 2026 Virtual Spring 2026 $1,798 Register
Tue 08 Dec 2026 Fri 18 Dec 2026 Virtual Summer 2026 $1,798 Register
Mon 11 Jan 2027 Thu 21 Jan 2027 Virtual Summer 2026 $1,798 Register
Fri 19 Feb 2027 Wed 03 Mar 2027 Virtual Summer 2026 $1,798 Register
Thu 04 Mar 2027 Tue 16 Mar 2027 Virtual Autumn 2027 $1,798 Register
Wed 10 Mar 2027 Mon 22 Mar 2027 Virtual Autumn 2027 $1,798 Register
Tue 16 Mar 2027 Fri 26 Mar 2027 Virtual Autumn 2027 $1,798 Register
Mon 07 Jun 2027 Thu 17 Jun 2027 Virtual Winter 2027 $1,798 Register
Fri 02 Jul 2027 Wed 14 Jul 2027 Virtual Winter 2027 $1,798 Register
Thu 22 Jul 2027 Tue 03 Aug 2027 Virtual Winter 2027 $1,798 Register
Wed 08 Sep 2027 Mon 20 Sep 2027 Virtual Spring 2027 $1,798 Register
Tue 28 Sep 2027 Fri 08 Oct 2027 Virtual Spring 2027 $1,798 Register
Mon 18 Oct 2027 Thu 28 Oct 2027 Virtual Spring 2027 $1,798 Register
Tue 07 Dec 2027 Fri 17 Dec 2027 Virtual Summer 2027 $1,798 Register
Mon 27 Dec 2027 Thu 06 Jan 2028 Virtual Summer 2027 $1,798 Register
Fri 21 Jan 2028 Wed 02 Feb 2028 Virtual Summer 2027 $1,798 Register
On-Campus training — face-to-face sessions at our training venues across Africa and beyond.
Showing all 492 sessions across 26 venues
Start End Venue Season Price Action
Mon 10 Aug 2026 Thu 20 Aug 2026 Dubai, UAE Winter 2026 $6,615 Register
Tue 11 Aug 2026 Fri 21 Aug 2026 Pretoria, South Africa Winter 2026 $2,700 Register
Wed 12 Aug 2026 Mon 24 Aug 2026 Abu Dhabi, UAE Winter 2026 $6,615 Register
Thu 13 Aug 2026 Tue 25 Aug 2026 Durban, South Africa Winter 2026 $4,293 Register
Thu 13 Aug 2026 Tue 25 Aug 2026 Mauritius Winter 2026 $5,211 Register
In-House training — we bring the trainer to your organisation, tailored to your team.
Start End Delivery Season Price Action
Tue 15 Sep 2026 Fri 25 Sep 2026 Your Premises Spring 2026 $2,338 Register
Mon 05 Oct 2026 Thu 15 Oct 2026 Your Premises Spring 2026 $2,338 Register
Fri 30 Oct 2026 Wed 11 Nov 2026 Your Premises Spring 2026 $2,338 Register
Wed 16 Dec 2026 Mon 28 Dec 2026 Your Premises Summer 2026 $2,338 Register
Tue 19 Jan 2027 Fri 29 Jan 2027 Your Premises Summer 2026 $2,338 Register
Mon 22 Feb 2027 Thu 04 Mar 2027 Your Premises Summer 2026 $2,338 Register
Fri 12 Mar 2027 Wed 24 Mar 2027 Your Premises Autumn 2027 $2,338 Register
Thu 18 Mar 2027 Tue 30 Mar 2027 Your Premises Autumn 2027 $2,338 Register
Wed 24 Mar 2027 Mon 05 Apr 2027 Your Premises Autumn 2027 $2,338 Register
Tue 15 Jun 2027 Fri 25 Jun 2027 Your Premises Winter 2027 $2,338 Register
Mon 05 Jul 2027 Thu 15 Jul 2027 Your Premises Winter 2027 $2,338 Register
Fri 30 Jul 2027 Wed 11 Aug 2027 Your Premises Winter 2027 $2,338 Register
Thu 16 Sep 2027 Tue 28 Sep 2027 Your Premises Spring 2027 $2,338 Register
Wed 06 Oct 2027 Mon 18 Oct 2027 Your Premises Spring 2027 $2,338 Register
Tue 26 Oct 2027 Fri 05 Nov 2027 Your Premises Spring 2027 $2,338 Register
Wed 15 Dec 2027 Mon 27 Dec 2027 Your Premises Summer 2027 $2,338 Register
Tue 04 Jan 2028 Fri 14 Jan 2028 Your Premises Summer 2027 $2,338 Register
Mon 24 Jan 2028 Thu 03 Feb 2028 Your Premises Summer 2027 $2,338 Register
Training Discounts
Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% off per 5 delegates, up to 40% for 100+

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