Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology Engineering and Related Design

Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Processes Overview Training

SAQA US 256236 | NQF 2 | Credits 10 | Duration 7 Days
From $1,523 per delegate

Description

This course provides a comprehensive overview of the pulp and paper manufacturing processes, from raw material handling to finished product. Participants will gain an understanding of the key stages, equipment, and quality control measures involved in modern pulp and paper production, enabling them to contribute effectively to operational efficiency and product quality.

Learning Outcomes

  • Demonstrate an understanding of the raw materials used in pulp and paper manufacturing, including wood species and recycled fiber sources.
  • Explain the key steps in mechanical, chemical, and semi-chemical pulping processes.
  • Describe the papermaking process, including stock preparation, forming, pressing, drying, and finishing.
  • Analyze the environmental and quality control considerations in pulp and paper production.
  • Apply knowledge of process variables to optimize production efficiency and product quality.

Target Audience

This course is designed for production supervisors, process technicians, quality assurance personnel, and other professionals working in or entering the pulp and paper industry who need a foundational understanding of manufacturing processes.

Prerequisites

None — open enrollment. However, a basic understanding of manufacturing processes is beneficial.

Course Outline

Day 1: Introduction to Pulp and Paper Industry

Objectives:
• Understand the historical development and economic importance of the pulp and paper industry in South Africa.
• Identify the main raw materials used in pulp and paper manufacturing.
• Describe the basic structure and composition of wood fibres.
• Explain the environmental and sustainability considerations in the industry.

Topics:
• Overview of the pulp and paper industry in South Africa and globally.
• Key players and market segments.
• Raw materials: softwood, hardwood, recycled paper, and non-wood fibres.
• Wood anatomy and fibre properties.
• Environmental impact and sustainability principles.
• Introduction to the papermaking process flow.

Day 2: Raw Material Preparation and Pulping Processes

Objectives:
• Describe the steps in woodyard operations including debarking and chipping.
• Differentiate between mechanical, chemical, and semi-chemical pulping methods.
• Explain the principles of the kraft pulping process.
• Understand the role of pulping chemicals and recovery systems.

Topics:
• Woodyard operations: debarking, chipping, and screening.
• Mechanical pulping: groundwood and refiner mechanical pulping.
• Chemical pulping: kraft and sulfite processes.
• Semi-chemical and chemi-mechanical pulping.
• Pulping chemistry: cooking liquor, reactions, and yield.
• Chemical recovery cycle in kraft mills.
• Pulp washing and screening.

Day 3: Bleaching and Pulp Processing

Objectives:
• Explain the purpose and principles of pulp bleaching.
• Describe common bleaching sequences (e.g., ECF and TCF).
• Understand the impact of bleaching on pulp quality and environment.
• Identify methods for pulp cleaning and refining.

Topics:
• Objectives of bleaching: brightness, cleanliness, and strength.
• Bleaching chemicals: chlorine dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, ozone.
• Elemental chlorine free (ECF) and totally chlorine free (TCF) sequences.
• Bleaching equipment and process control.
• Environmental aspects of bleach plant effluents.
• Pulp cleaning: centrifugal cleaning and pressure screening.
• Refining and beating: effects on fibre properties.

Day 4: Papermaking: Wet End Operations

Objectives:
• Describe the flow of stock from machine chest to headbox.
• Explain the function of the headbox and forming section.
• Understand the principles of drainage and fibre orientation.
• Identify key wet end additives and their purposes.

Topics:
• Stock preparation: refining, blending, and addition of additives.
• Approach flow system: cleaning, deaeration, and screening.
• Headbox types and functions: hydraulic, air-padded, and dilution control.
• Forming section: fourdrinier, twin-wire, and hybrid formers.
• Drainage elements: foils, table rolls, and vacuum boxes.
• Wet end chemistry: retention, drainage, and sizing.
• Formation and fibre orientation.

Day 5: Papermaking: Pressing, Drying, and Finishing

Objectives:
• Explain the purpose and mechanisms of pressing.
• Describe the drying process and heat recovery systems.
• Understand the principles of surface sizing and calendering.
• Identify finishing operations: reeling, slitting, and packaging.

Topics:
• Press section: roll presses, shoe presses, and felt design.
• Water removal and sheet consolidation.
• Dryer section: cylinder drying, steam systems, and condensate removal.
• Heat recovery and ventilation.
• Surface sizing and coating: equipment and formulations.
• Calendering: machine calender, supercalender, and soft nip.
• Reeling and winding.
• Finishing: slitting, sheeting, wrapping, and labeling.

Day 6: Quality Control, Testing, and Troubleshooting

Objectives:
• Describe key paper properties and standard testing methods.
• Understand the role of on-line sensors and process control.
• Identify common paper defects and their causes.
• Apply basic troubleshooting techniques to wet end and dry end issues.

Topics:
• Physical properties: basis weight, caliper, moisture, and strength.
• Optical properties: brightness, opacity, and colour.
• Surface properties: roughness, porosity, and sizing.
• Standard testing methods (TAPPI, ISO).
• On-line measurement and control systems.
• Common defects: holes, wrinkles, streaks, and breaks.
• Troubleshooting approaches: cause-and-effect analysis.
• Statistical process control (SPC) basics.

Day 7: Environmental Management, Safety, and Industry Trends

Objectives:
• Understand environmental regulations and management systems in the pulp and paper industry.
• Identify key safety hazards and safe work practices.
• Describe water and effluent treatment processes.
• Discuss emerging trends: digitalisation, bio-refining, and circular economy.

Topics:
• Environmental legislation in South Africa (NEMA, water use licences).
• Effluent treatment: primary, secondary, and tertiary processes.
• Air emissions control: particulate, TRS, and VOC.
• Solid waste management: sludge, bark, and ash.
• Occupational health and safety: machine guarding, chemical handling, confined spaces.
• Energy efficiency and cogeneration.
• Industry 4.0: automation, sensors, and data analytics.
• Bio-refinery concepts and sustainable packaging trends.

Practicals

18 hours of practicals To be conducted online or on-campus or in-house
Overview

Hands-on practical sessions are essential to reinforce theoretical knowledge. Learners will operate pilot-scale equipment, perform standard paper testing, and troubleshoot simulated process problems to develop practical skills in pulp and paper manufacturing.

Practical Activities
  • Pilot Plant Tour and Stock Preparation — Learners tour a pilot paper mill, observe stock preparation equipment, and adjust refining parameters to observe effects on drainage. (4h)
  • Handsheet Making and Wet End Chemistry — Learners prepare handsheets using a laboratory former, add retention aids and sizing agents, and measure formation and drainage. (4h)
  • Paper Testing and Quality Analysis — Learners perform physical and optical tests on paper samples using standard instruments and interpret results against specifications. (5h)
  • Troubleshooting Simulation and Process Control — Using a process simulator, learners diagnose common paper defects and adjust machine parameters to correct them. (5h)

Summatives

Each delegate is assessed continuously throughout the course via daily exercises, scored practical assignments, and a final summative test at the end.

Practical Assignments — 30%

Practical assignments are observed and scored against a rubric during the practical sessions. Each delegate's practical mark is averaged into a single 100% score and contributes 30% to the final total.

Daily Exercises — 20%

Every training day ends with a multiple-choice exercise scored out of 100%. The scores from each daily exercise are averaged across the duration of the course to produce a Daily Average mark, which contributes 20% to the final total.

Final Test — 50%

On the last day a final summative test is written. It is a multiple-choice paper with multiple-answer questions: each question may have more than one correct option, and a single wrong selection on a question marks the entire question wrong — no partial credit. The final test is scored out of 100% and contributes 50% to the overall mark.

Final Total
Component Out of Weight
Practical Assignments (rubric-scored) 100% 30%
Daily Average (multiple choice) 100% 20%
Final Test (multi-answer multiple choice) 100% 50%
Final Total 100%

All marks are recorded on the AATICD LMS and visible to each learner under their account.

Certificate

Certificate of Completion

Awarded to delegates who achieve an overall mark of 50% or higher on the Final Total (Practicals 30% + Daily Average 20% + Final Test 50%).

How it works
  • Certificates are auto-generated on the AATICD LMS as soon as the marks pass the 50% threshold.
  • Each certificate is a branded PDF with the delegate's name, the course title, the unit standard ID, NQF level, credits, and the date of issue.
  • You can download or print your certificate from your LMS dashboard at any time after issue — there's no reissue fee and no expiry date.
  • If you scored under 50% you can sit the final test again at the next scheduled session at no extra cost.
Where to find it

Sign in to the LMS, open your dashboard, and your certificates appear under My Certificates. Each entry has a View / Download button and a print option.

Training Discounts

Group discounts apply automatically — the more delegates you enrol, the greater the saving. Discounts are calculated at 3% per 5 delegates, scaling up to 40% off for 100+ delegates.

Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% discount per 5 delegates, up to 40% off for 100+ delegates. Contact us for a custom group quote.

Upcoming Training Sessions
Online training — attend live sessions from anywhere via our virtual classroom.
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On-Campus training — face-to-face sessions at our training venues across Africa and beyond.
Showing all 500 sessions across 26 venues
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Fri 31 Jul 2026 Mon 10 Aug 2026 Cape Town, South Africa Winter 2026 $3,769 Register
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Tue 04 Aug 2026 Wed 12 Aug 2026 Johannesburg, South Africa Winter 2026 $3,283 Register
In-House training — we bring the trainer to your organisation, tailored to your team.
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Fri 18 Sep 2026 Mon 28 Sep 2026 Your Premises Spring 2026 $1,982 Register
Thu 08 Oct 2026 Fri 16 Oct 2026 Your Premises Spring 2026 $1,982 Register
Wed 28 Oct 2026 Thu 05 Nov 2026 Your Premises Spring 2026 $1,982 Register
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Mon 22 Mar 2027 Tue 30 Mar 2027 Your Premises Autumn 2027 $1,982 Register
Fri 18 Jun 2027 Mon 28 Jun 2027 Your Premises Winter 2027 $1,982 Register
Thu 08 Jul 2027 Fri 16 Jul 2027 Your Premises Winter 2027 $1,982 Register
Wed 28 Jul 2027 Thu 05 Aug 2027 Your Premises Winter 2027 $1,982 Register
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Fri 29 Oct 2027 Mon 08 Nov 2027 Your Premises Spring 2027 $1,982 Register
Mon 13 Dec 2027 Tue 21 Dec 2027 Your Premises Summer 2027 $1,982 Register
Fri 07 Jan 2028 Mon 17 Jan 2028 Your Premises Summer 2027 $1,982 Register
Thu 27 Jan 2028 Fri 04 Feb 2028 Your Premises Summer 2027 $1,982 Register
Training Discounts
Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% off per 5 delegates, up to 40% for 100+

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