Health Sciences and Social Services Curative Health

Cytology Laboratory Human Tissue Specimen Processing Training

SAQA US 257202 | NQF 3 | Credits 12 | Duration 9 Days
From $1,798 per delegate

Description

This course equips laboratory personnel with the skills to process human tissue specimens for cytological examination in a safe and effective manner. Participants will learn to handle, prepare, and store specimens according to standard operating procedures, ensuring diagnostic accuracy and compliance with health regulations.

Learning Outcomes

  • Apply standard operating procedures for receiving, labeling, and tracking human tissue specimens.
  • Demonstrate correct techniques for preparing cytological smears and liquid-based preparations.
  • Implement quality control measures to ensure specimen integrity and prevent cross-contamination.
  • Analyze specimen adequacy and identify common artifacts or processing errors.
  • Evaluate biosafety protocols and waste disposal methods in accordance with laboratory regulations.
  • Document processing steps and maintain accurate records for traceability.

Target Audience

This course is designed for laboratory technicians, technologists, and assistants working in cytology or histology laboratories who are responsible for processing human tissue specimens.

Prerequisites

None — open enrollment

Course Outline

Day 1: Introduction to Cytology and Laboratory Safety

Objectives:
• Understand the role of cytology in diagnostic medicine
• Identify laboratory safety protocols and personal protective equipment
• Describe the workflow of a cytology laboratory
• Recognise the importance of specimen integrity

Topics:
• Overview of cytology and its applications
• Laboratory safety: biosafety levels, hazard identification
• Introduction to specimen types (cervical, non-gynaecological, fine needle aspiration)
• Specimen collection methods and requisition forms
• Quality assurance in cytology

Day 2: Human Tissue Specimen Reception and Registration

Objectives:
• Perform specimen reception and verification procedures
• Apply correct labelling and registration protocols
• Identify unacceptable specimens and implement rejection criteria
• Utilise laboratory information systems for data entry

Topics:
• Specimen transport and storage conditions
• Receipt and verification: patient identification, requisition matching
• Rejection criteria: insufficient, delayed, mislabelled specimens
• Data entry in laboratory information systems
• Documentation and chain of custody

Day 3: Fixation and Preprocessing of Cytology Specimens

Objectives:
• Explain the principles of fixation in cytology
• Select appropriate fixatives for different specimen types
• Perform fixation and preprocessing steps
• Ensure proper preservation of cellular morphology

Topics:
• Fixation: purpose, types of fixatives (ethanol, formalin, spray fixatives)
• Fixation protocols for gynaecological and non-gynaecological specimens
• Preprocessing: centrifugation, cytocentrifugation
• Slide preparation: direct smears, liquid-based preparations
• Troubleshooting common fixation errors

Day 4: Staining Techniques in Cytology

Objectives:
• Describe the principles of Papanicolaou and Romanowsky stains
• Perform manual and automated staining procedures
• Evaluate staining quality and troubleshoot issues
• Understand the role of special stains in cytology

Topics:
• Papanicolaou stain: components, staining protocol
• Romanowsky stains: Giemsa, Diff-Quik
• Automated staining systems
• Quality control of staining: pH, timing, reagent freshness
• Special stains: PAS, mucicarmine, immunocytochemistry overview

Day 5: Microscopy and Slide Evaluation

Objectives:
• Operate a light microscope correctly
• Perform systematic screening of cytology slides
• Identify normal cellular elements
• Recognise common artefacts and contaminants

Topics:
• Microscope components and maintenance
• Köhler illumination and focusing techniques
• Systematic screening patterns
• Normal cellular morphology: squamous, glandular, metaplastic cells
• Artefacts: air drying, blood, lubricant, inflammation

Day 6: Non-Gynaecological Cytology Specimen Processing

Objectives:
• Process non-gynaecological specimens (respiratory, urine, effusions)
• Apply appropriate preparation techniques for each specimen type
• Understand the diagnostic significance of findings
• Implement quality control measures

Topics:
• Respiratory specimens: sputum, bronchial washings, BAL
• Urine cytology: voided, catheterised, bladder washings
• Body fluids: pleural, peritoneal, pericardial effusions
• Preparation techniques: cytocentrifugation, membrane filtration
• Diagnostic criteria for malignancy in non-gynaecological cytology

Day 7: Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Specimen Handling and Processing

Objectives:
• Describe the FNA procedure and specimen handling
• Prepare direct smears and cell blocks from FNA samples
• Perform rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) assistance
• Understand the role of FNA in diagnosis

Topics:
• FNA technique: palpation-guided, ultrasound-guided
• Smear preparation: push, pull, and line smears
• Cell block preparation: agar, plasma-thrombin methods
• Rapid on-site evaluation: slide staining and preliminary assessment
• Common FNA sites: thyroid, breast, lymph node, soft tissue

Day 8: Quality Assurance and Troubleshooting in Cytology Processing

Objectives:
• Implement quality assurance protocols in specimen processing
• Identify and resolve common processing errors
• Participate in internal and external quality control programs
• Understand the role of proficiency testing

Topics:
• Quality indicators: specimen adequacy, turnaround time
• Error tracking and corrective actions
• Internal quality control: stain controls, reagent logs
• External quality assessment: inter-laboratory comparisons
• Troubleshooting: poor fixation, staining variability, cell loss

Day 9: Advanced Topics and Integrated Case Studies

Objectives:
• Apply knowledge to complex case studies
• Discuss emerging technologies in cytology processing
• Review regulatory and accreditation requirements
• Prepare for competency assessment

Topics:
• Liquid-based cytology vs conventional smears
• Digital cytology and telecytology
• Accreditation standards: ISO 15189, SANAS
• Case studies: gynaecological, non-gynaecological, FNA
• Final assessment review and course wrap-up

Practicals

30 hours of practicals To be conducted online or on-campus or in-house
Overview

Hands-on practical sessions are essential for learners to develop competence in specimen reception, fixation, staining, slide preparation, and microscopy. Supervised practice ensures proficiency in laboratory techniques and quality assurance procedures.

Practical Activities
  • Practical 1: Specimen Reception and Fixation — Learners receive and verify simulated specimens, apply rejection criteria, and perform fixation using appropriate fixatives. (6h)
  • Practical 2: Slide Preparation and Staining — Learners prepare direct smears, cytocentrifuge preparations, and liquid-based slides, then perform Papanicolaou and Romanowsky staining. (8h)
  • Practical 3: Microscopy and Slide Screening — Learners perform systematic screening of stained slides, identify normal cells and artefacts, and document findings. (8h)
  • Practical 4: FNA Smear Preparation and Cell Blocks — Learners prepare direct smears from simulated FNA samples and construct cell blocks using the plasma-thrombin method. (4h)
  • Practical 5: Quality Control and Troubleshooting — Learners perform stain quality checks, review error logs, and implement corrective actions for common processing issues. (4h)

Summatives

Each delegate is assessed continuously throughout the course via daily exercises, scored practical assignments, and a final summative test at the end.

Practical Assignments — 30%

Practical assignments are observed and scored against a rubric during the practical sessions. Each delegate's practical mark is averaged into a single 100% score and contributes 30% to the final total.

Daily Exercises — 20%

Every training day ends with a multiple-choice exercise scored out of 100%. The scores from each daily exercise are averaged across the duration of the course to produce a Daily Average mark, which contributes 20% to the final total.

Final Test — 50%

On the last day a final summative test is written. It is a multiple-choice paper with multiple-answer questions: each question may have more than one correct option, and a single wrong selection on a question marks the entire question wrong — no partial credit. The final test is scored out of 100% and contributes 50% to the overall mark.

Final Total
Component Out of Weight
Practical Assignments (rubric-scored) 100% 30%
Daily Average (multiple choice) 100% 20%
Final Test (multi-answer multiple choice) 100% 50%
Final Total 100%

All marks are recorded on the AATICD LMS and visible to each learner under their account.

Certificate

Certificate of Completion

Awarded to delegates who achieve an overall mark of 50% or higher on the Final Total (Practicals 30% + Daily Average 20% + Final Test 50%).

How it works
  • Certificates are auto-generated on the AATICD LMS as soon as the marks pass the 50% threshold.
  • Each certificate is a branded PDF with the delegate's name, the course title, the unit standard ID, NQF level, credits, and the date of issue.
  • You can download or print your certificate from your LMS dashboard at any time after issue — there's no reissue fee and no expiry date.
  • If you scored under 50% you can sit the final test again at the next scheduled session at no extra cost.
Where to find it

Sign in to the LMS, open your dashboard, and your certificates appear under My Certificates. Each entry has a View / Download button and a print option.

Training Discounts

Group discounts apply automatically — the more delegates you enrol, the greater the saving. Discounts are calculated at 3% per 5 delegates, scaling up to 40% off for 100+ delegates.

Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% discount per 5 delegates, up to 40% off for 100+ delegates. Contact us for a custom group quote.

Upcoming Training Sessions
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Training Discounts
Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% off per 5 delegates, up to 40% for 100+

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