Health Sciences and Social Services Curative Health

Histopathology Biological Specimen Processing Training

SAQA US 257198 | NQF 3 | Credits 13 | Duration 10 Days
From $1,420 per delegate

Description

This course equips laboratory professionals with the knowledge and skills to safely handle, process, and store biological specimens in a histopathology laboratory. It covers the entire workflow from specimen reception to preparation for analysis, ensuring compliance with quality standards and safety protocols. Learners will gain confidence in performing routine histopathology procedures while minimizing risks to themselves and others.

Learning Outcomes

  • Apply correct procedures for receiving, labelling, and registering biological specimens in a histopathology laboratory.
  • Demonstrate safe handling, fixation, and processing of tissue specimens according to standard operating procedures.
  • Implement quality control measures to ensure specimen integrity and traceability throughout the processing workflow.
  • Analyze potential hazards associated with biological specimen handling and apply appropriate safety precautions.
  • Evaluate different processing techniques and select the appropriate method for various tissue types.
  • Maintain accurate records and documentation in compliance with laboratory and regulatory requirements.

Target Audience

This course is designed for laboratory technicians, technologists, and assistants working in histopathology or anatomical pathology laboratories. It is also suitable for healthcare professionals seeking to expand their skills in specimen processing.

Prerequisites

None — open enrollment.

Course Outline

Day 1: Introduction to Histopathology and Specimen Processing

Objectives:
• Define histopathology and its role in disease diagnosis.
• Identify the key steps in biological specimen processing.
• Understand the importance of specimen integrity and chain of custody.
• Recognise laboratory safety and quality assurance principles.

Topics:
• Overview of histopathology laboratory.
• Types of biological specimens (biopsies, resections, cytology).
• Specimen collection, labelling, and transport.
• Chain of custody and documentation.
• Laboratory safety: PPE, chemical hazards, waste disposal.
• Introduction to quality assurance and standard operating procedures (SOPs).

Day 2: Specimen Reception and Macroscopic Examination

Objectives:
• Describe the reception and accessioning process.
• Perform macroscopic description of specimens.
• Understand fixation principles and common fixatives.
• Apply correct specimen handling techniques.

Topics:
• Specimen reception: verification, registration, and coding.
• Macroscopic examination: measurement, colour, consistency.
• Orientation and inking of surgical margins.
• Fixation: purpose, types of fixatives (formalin, Bouin's).
• Fixation time and penetration factors.
• Decalcification: when and how.

Day 3: Tissue Processing – Dehydration, Clearing, and Infiltration

Objectives:
• Explain the stages of tissue processing.
• Describe dehydration using graded alcohols.
• Understand clearing agents (xylene, xylene substitutes).
• Explain paraffin wax infiltration.

Topics:
• Overview of automated tissue processors.
• Dehydration: ethanol series, isopropanol.
• Clearing: xylene, limonene-based agents.
• Infiltration: paraffin wax, vacuum infiltration.
• Processing schedules for different tissue types.
• Troubleshooting common processing artifacts.

Day 4: Embedding and Microtomy

Objectives:
• Demonstrate proper embedding orientation.
• Operate a microtome safely and effectively.
• Cut paraffin sections of appropriate thickness.
• Identify and correct sectioning artifacts.

Topics:
• Embedding: moulds, cassettes, orientation.
• Embedding for special tissues (skin, bone, small biopsies).
• Microtome types and components.
• Sectioning technique: block trimming, cutting, ribbons.
• Section thickness and knife angles.
• Common artifacts: chatter, compression, tears.

Day 5: Routine Staining – Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

Objectives:
• Explain the principles of H&E staining.
• Perform H&E staining procedure.
• Differentiate between haematoxylin and eosin.
• Assess staining quality and troubleshoot.

Topics:
• Theory of H&E: nuclear and cytoplasmic staining.
• Haematoxylin types (Mayer's, Harris, Gill's).
• Eosin variants and counterstaining.
• H&E staining protocol: deparaffinisation, hydration, staining, dehydration.
• Coverslipping: manual and automated.
• Quality control: nuclear detail, contrast, clarity.

Day 6: Special Stains – Histochemistry

Objectives:
• Identify indications for special stains.
• Perform selected special stains (PAS, Masson's Trichrome, Reticulin).
• Understand staining mechanisms.
• Interpret staining results.

Topics:
• Overview of histochemical stains.
• Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS): for glycogen, mucins.
• Masson's Trichrome: collagen and muscle.
• Reticulin stain: reticulin fibres.
• Special stain protocols and controls.
• Troubleshooting and quality assurance.

Day 7: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) – Principles and Practice

Objectives:
• Explain the principles of IHC.
• Describe antigen retrieval methods.
• Perform a basic IHC protocol.
• Understand detection systems and controls.

Topics:
• IHC theory: antigen-antibody reaction.
• Direct vs indirect methods.
• Antigen retrieval: heat-induced (HIER) and enzymatic.
• Detection systems: DAB, AP, polymer-based.
• Negative and positive controls.
• IHC troubleshooting: background, weak signal.

Day 8: Frozen Section Technique and Cytology Preparation

Objectives:
• Describe the frozen section procedure.
• Operate a cryostat safely.
• Prepare cytology specimens (smears, cytospin).
• Compare frozen and paraffin processing.

Topics:
• Indications for frozen sections.
• Cryostat operation and maintenance.
• Frozen section cutting and staining.
• Artifacts and limitations of frozen sections.
• Cytology specimen types: fine needle aspirates, fluids.
• Cytopreparation: smears, cytocentrifugation, liquid-based.

Day 9: Advanced Techniques and Digital Pathology

Objectives:
• Describe in situ hybridisation (ISH) and PCR-based methods.
• Understand digital pathology and whole slide imaging.
• Discuss laboratory accreditation and audits.
• Apply troubleshooting strategies.

Topics:
• In situ hybridisation: FISH, CISH.
• PCR-based molecular pathology.
• Digital pathology: scanning, storage, image analysis.
• Laboratory accreditation: ISO 15189, SANAS.
• Internal and external quality audits.
• Troubleshooting complex processing issues.

Day 10: Integration, Review, and Assessment

Objectives:
• Integrate all steps of specimen processing.
• Perform a complete processing workflow independently.
• Identify and correct errors in processing.
• Prepare for competency assessment.

Topics:
• Review of entire workflow from reception to staining.
• Case studies: challenging specimens.
• Mock practical assessment.
• Quality assurance documentation.
• Career pathways and continuing education.
• Final written and practical assessment.

Practicals

32 hours of practicals To be conducted online or on-campus or in-house
Overview

Hands-on practicals are essential for mastering histopathology specimen processing. Learners will perform macroscopic examination, tissue processing, microtomy, routine and special staining, frozen sectioning, and IHC under supervision, building competence in laboratory techniques.

Practical Activities
  • Macroscopic Examination and Fixation — Learners receive fresh specimens, perform macroscopic description, orientation, inking, and place in fixative. (4h)
  • Tissue Processing and Embedding — Learners load cassettes into an automated processor, then embed processed tissues into paraffin blocks. (8h)
  • Microtomy and H&E Staining — Learners cut 4-5 µm sections on a rotary microtome, perform H&E staining, and coverslip slides. (8h)
  • Special Stains and IHC — Learners perform PAS and Masson's Trichrome stains, plus a basic IHC protocol with DAB detection. (8h)
  • Frozen Section and Cytology — Learners cut frozen sections on a cryostat and prepare cytology smears from simulated specimens. (4h)

Summatives

Each delegate is assessed continuously throughout the course via daily exercises, scored practical assignments, and a final summative test at the end.

Practical Assignments — 30%

Practical assignments are observed and scored against a rubric during the practical sessions. Each delegate's practical mark is averaged into a single 100% score and contributes 30% to the final total.

Daily Exercises — 20%

Every training day ends with a multiple-choice exercise scored out of 100%. The scores from each daily exercise are averaged across the duration of the course to produce a Daily Average mark, which contributes 20% to the final total.

Final Test — 50%

On the last day a final summative test is written. It is a multiple-choice paper with multiple-answer questions: each question may have more than one correct option, and a single wrong selection on a question marks the entire question wrong — no partial credit. The final test is scored out of 100% and contributes 50% to the overall mark.

Final Total
Component Out of Weight
Practical Assignments (rubric-scored) 100% 30%
Daily Average (multiple choice) 100% 20%
Final Test (multi-answer multiple choice) 100% 50%
Final Total 100%

All marks are recorded on the AATICD LMS and visible to each learner under their account.

Certificate

Certificate of Completion

Awarded to delegates who achieve an overall mark of 50% or higher on the Final Total (Practicals 30% + Daily Average 20% + Final Test 50%).

How it works
  • Certificates are auto-generated on the AATICD LMS as soon as the marks pass the 50% threshold.
  • Each certificate is a branded PDF with the delegate's name, the course title, the unit standard ID, NQF level, credits, and the date of issue.
  • You can download or print your certificate from your LMS dashboard at any time after issue — there's no reissue fee and no expiry date.
  • If you scored under 50% you can sit the final test again at the next scheduled session at no extra cost.
Where to find it

Sign in to the LMS, open your dashboard, and your certificates appear under My Certificates. Each entry has a View / Download button and a print option.

Training Discounts

Group discounts apply automatically — the more delegates you enrol, the greater the saving. Discounts are calculated at 3% per 5 delegates, scaling up to 40% off for 100+ delegates.

Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% discount per 5 delegates, up to 40% off for 100+ delegates. Contact us for a custom group quote.

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Training Discounts
Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% off per 5 delegates, up to 40% for 100+

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