Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology Manufacturing and Assembly

Automated Crude Oil Refining Process Equipment Operations Training

SAQA US 110513 | NQF 3 | Credits 20 | Duration 17 Days
From $2,905 per delegate

Description

This course equips learners with the skills and knowledge to operate automated crude oil refining process equipment safely and efficiently. It covers the principles of automated process control, equipment operation, and troubleshooting within a refinery environment, ensuring compliance with industry standards and safety regulations.

Learning Outcomes

  • Demonstrate the ability to start up, operate, and shut down automated crude oil refining process equipment in accordance with standard operating procedures.
  • Monitor and adjust process parameters using distributed control systems (DCS) to maintain optimal refining conditions.
  • Apply troubleshooting techniques to identify and resolve common equipment malfunctions and process deviations.
  • Evaluate process data to ensure product quality and compliance with safety and environmental standards.
  • Implement emergency shutdown procedures and respond effectively to process alarms and abnormal situations.
  • Analyze the interrelationship between unit operations in a crude oil refining process and optimize equipment performance.

Target Audience

This course is designed for process operators, refinery technicians, and maintenance personnel who are involved in the operation and monitoring of automated crude oil refining equipment.

Prerequisites

None — open enrollment

Course Outline

Day 1: Introduction to Crude Oil Refining and Process Equipment

Objectives:
• Understand the fundamental principles of crude oil refining.
• Identify major process equipment and their functions.
• Recognise safety and environmental considerations in refining.
• Explain the role of automation in modern refineries.

Topics:
• Overview of crude oil composition and properties
• Refining process flow: from crude to products
• Key equipment: distillation columns, heaters, pumps, compressors, heat exchangers
• Introduction to automation and control systems
• Safety protocols and PPE requirements
• Environmental regulations and emissions control

Day 2: Process Control Fundamentals and Instrumentation

Objectives:
• Describe basic process control principles (P, PI, PID).
• Identify common field instruments (pressure, temperature, flow, level).
• Interpret P&IDs and loop diagrams.
• Understand the role of DCS and PLC systems.

Topics:
• Control loop components: sensor, transmitter, controller, final control element
• Instrumentation types and selection criteria
• Piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs)
• Distributed control systems (DCS) basics
• Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) overview
• Signal types (4-20 mA, HART, digital)

Day 3: Distillation Column Operations and Control

Objectives:
• Explain the principles of fractional distillation.
• Describe column internals (trays, packing) and their functions.
• Identify key operating parameters: reflux ratio, feed temperature, pressure.
• Understand control strategies for product quality.

Topics:
• Atmospheric and vacuum distillation
• Column internals: trays, packing, downcomers
• Reboilers and condensers
• Key parameters: reflux rate, feed preheat, column pressure
• Product draw-off and quality control
• Common operating issues: flooding, weeping, entrainment

Day 4: Heat Exchanger Operations and Control

Objectives:
• Classify heat exchanger types (shell-and-tube, plate, air-cooled).
• Understand heat transfer principles and fouling effects.
• Monitor and control outlet temperatures.
• Troubleshoot common heat exchanger problems.

Topics:
• Heat exchanger configurations and applications
• Temperature control strategies: bypass, variable speed drives
• Fouling mechanisms and cleaning methods
• Monitoring: temperature, pressure drop, flow
• Troubleshooting: leakage, vibration, corrosion
• Energy recovery and pinch analysis basics

Day 5: Pump and Compressor Operations

Objectives:
• Differentiate between pump types (centrifugal, positive displacement).
• Explain compressor types and their applications.
• Monitor performance using pump/compressor curves.
• Implement start-up, shutdown, and troubleshooting procedures.

Topics:
• Centrifugal pumps: characteristics, head, NPSH
• Positive displacement pumps: reciprocating, rotary
• Centrifugal and reciprocating compressors
• Performance curves and surge control
• Seal systems and lubrication
• Start-up/shutdown sequences and vibration analysis

Day 6: Fired Heater and Boiler Operations

Objectives:
• Describe fired heater types and combustion principles.
• Monitor flame pattern, draft, and excess oxygen.
• Control fuel/air ratio for efficiency.
• Implement safety interlocks and emergency shutdown.

Topics:
• Heater types: vertical cylindrical, cabin, box
• Combustion theory: stoichiometry, excess air
• Burner management systems (BMS)
• Draft control and stack monitoring
• Tube skin temperature monitoring
• Safety: flame scanners, purge cycles, interlocks

Day 7: Separation Processes: Gas Processing and Treating

Objectives:
• Understand gas sweetening and dehydration processes.
• Operate amine and glycol units safely.
• Control parameters for product gas specifications.
• Troubleshoot foaming and corrosion issues.

Topics:
• Amine treating: chemistry and process flow
• Glycol dehydration: TEG regeneration
• Gas processing: NGL recovery (cryogenic, absorption)
• Key parameters: amine concentration, circulation rate, reboiler temperature
• Foaming causes and mitigation
• Corrosion monitoring and inhibition

Day 8: Reactor Operations: Catalytic Cracking and Reforming

Objectives:
• Describe FCC and reforming reactor principles.
• Explain catalyst function and deactivation.
• Monitor reactor temperature, pressure, and catalyst circulation.
• Implement safe start-up and shutdown.

Topics:
• Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process
• Catalytic reforming: continuous and semi-regenerative
• Catalyst types and regeneration
• Reactor temperature control and pressure drop
• Product yield optimization
• Regeneration: coke burn-off, temperature control

Day 9: Hydroprocessing: Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking

Objectives:
• Understand hydrotreating and hydrocracking reactions.
• Monitor hydrogen consumption and catalyst bed temperatures.
• Control product sulfur and nitrogen levels.
• Manage hydrogen partial pressure and quench.

Topics:
• Hydrotreating: desulfurization, denitrogenation
• Hydrocracking: conversion and selectivity
• Reactor internals and catalyst loading
• Temperature control: bed profiles, quench zones
• Hydrogen management: make-up, recycle, purity
• Catalyst sulfiding and regeneration

Day 10: Product Blending and Storage Operations

Objectives:
• Describe blending processes for gasoline, diesel, and fuel oil.
• Understand storage tank types and operations.
• Control blend recipes and inline analyzers.
• Implement inventory management and custody transfer.

Topics:
• Blending: in-line and batch blending
• Blend optimization: octane, cetane, volatility
• Storage tanks: fixed roof, floating roof, spheres
• Tank gauging and level measurement
• Inline analyzers: RVP, octane, sulfur
• Custody transfer: metering, sampling, calibration

Day 11: Utilities and Offsite Operations

Objectives:
• Identify utility systems: steam, cooling water, instrument air.
• Operate steam boilers and cooling towers.
• Manage flare and relief systems.
• Coordinate utility supply with process units.

Topics:
• Steam generation and distribution
• Cooling water systems: towers, pumps, treatment
• Instrument air and nitrogen systems
• Flare system: knockout drums, seal drums, ignition
• Relief valves and rupture discs
• Utility optimization and energy management

Day 12: Advanced Process Control and Optimization

Objectives:
• Explain advanced control strategies (cascade, feedforward, ratio).
• Describe model predictive control (MPC) basics.
• Identify optimization opportunities in refining.
• Implement alarm management and operator guidance.

Topics:
• Cascade control: master/slave loops
• Feedforward and ratio control
• Model predictive control (MPC) overview
• Real-time optimization (RTO)
• Alarm rationalization and management
• Operator decision support systems

Day 13: Safety Instrumented Systems and Emergency Shutdown

Objectives:
• Understand safety lifecycle and SIL levels.
• Describe SIS components: logic solvers, sensors, final elements.
• Operate emergency shutdown (ESD) systems.
• Conduct functional testing and bypass management.

Topics:
• Safety instrumented systems (SIS) standards (IEC 61511)
• Safety integrity level (SIL) determination
• ESD system architecture and cause-effect matrices
• Fire and gas detection systems
• Bypass and override procedures
• Proof testing and maintenance

Day 14: Process Troubleshooting and Root Cause Analysis

Objectives:
• Apply systematic troubleshooting methodologies.
• Analyze process data and trends.
• Identify common equipment failures and causes.
• Perform root cause analysis (RCA) techniques.

Topics:
• Troubleshooting methodology: define, analyze, test, correct
• Trend analysis and data interpretation
• Common issues: fouling, corrosion, vibration, leakage
• Root cause analysis (RCA): 5 Whys, fishbone
• Case studies: distillation, heat exchanger, compressor failures
• Corrective and preventive actions

Day 15: Start-up, Shutdown, and Turnaround Operations

Objectives:
• Plan and execute unit start-up and shutdown procedures.
• Manage turnaround scope and schedule.
• Coordinate with maintenance and operations.
• Ensure safe isolation and decontamination.

Topics:
• Start-up sequences: purge, pressurize, heat-up, feed introduction
• Shutdown procedures: feed cut, depressurize, cool-down, isolation
• Turnaround planning: scope, resources, timeline
• Safe isolation: blinding, lockout/tagout
• Decontamination: steaming, nitrogen purging
• Post-turnaround start-up checks

Day 16: Maintenance Strategies and Reliability

Objectives:
• Differentiate maintenance strategies: preventive, predictive, reliability-centered.
• Implement condition monitoring techniques.
• Understand risk-based inspection (RBI).
• Apply reliability engineering concepts.

Topics:
• Preventive and predictive maintenance
• Condition monitoring: vibration, thermography, oil analysis
• Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM)
• Risk-based inspection (RBI) methodology
• Key performance indicators: MTBF, MTTR
• Spare parts management and criticality

Day 17: Integrated Operations, Simulation, and Assessment

Objectives:
• Integrate knowledge across all refinery units.
• Operate a simulated refinery process.
• Demonstrate competency in control and troubleshooting.
• Prepare for unit assessment and certification.

Topics:
• Integrated refinery simulation exercise
• Control room and field operator coordination
• Emergency scenario drills
• Review of key concepts and exam preparation
• Written assessment and practical evaluation
• Course feedback and certification

Practicals

56 hours of practicals To be conducted online or on-campus or in-house
Overview

The practicals provide hands-on experience with simulated and actual process equipment operations, including control room simulations, field equipment manipulation, and troubleshooting scenarios to reinforce theoretical knowledge and develop operational competence.

Practical Activities
  • Practical 1: DCS Console Operations — Learners operate a simulated DCS to control a crude distillation unit, adjusting key parameters and observing process responses. (16h)
  • Practical 2: Field Equipment Inspection and Manipulation — Learners inspect and manually operate field equipment such as valves, pumps, and heat exchangers in a training rig, performing isolation and line-ups. (16h)
  • Practical 3: Process Troubleshooting Scenarios — Learners troubleshoot simulated process upsets (e.g., column flooding, pump cavitation, heater tube failure) using a high-fidelity simulator. (16h)
  • Practical 4: Safety System Testing and Emergency Response — Learners perform functional tests on safety instrumented systems and participate in emergency shutdown and fire drill scenarios. (8h)

Summatives

Each delegate is assessed continuously throughout the course via daily exercises, scored practical assignments, and a final summative test at the end.

Practical Assignments — 30%

Practical assignments are observed and scored against a rubric during the practical sessions. Each delegate's practical mark is averaged into a single 100% score and contributes 30% to the final total.

Daily Exercises — 20%

Every training day ends with a multiple-choice exercise scored out of 100%. The scores from each daily exercise are averaged across the duration of the course to produce a Daily Average mark, which contributes 20% to the final total.

Final Test — 50%

On the last day a final summative test is written. It is a multiple-choice paper with multiple-answer questions: each question may have more than one correct option, and a single wrong selection on a question marks the entire question wrong — no partial credit. The final test is scored out of 100% and contributes 50% to the overall mark.

Final Total
Component Out of Weight
Practical Assignments (rubric-scored) 100% 30%
Daily Average (multiple choice) 100% 20%
Final Test (multi-answer multiple choice) 100% 50%
Final Total 100%

All marks are recorded on the AATICD LMS and visible to each learner under their account.

Certificate

Certificate of Completion

Awarded to delegates who achieve an overall mark of 50% or higher on the Final Total (Practicals 30% + Daily Average 20% + Final Test 50%).

How it works
  • Certificates are auto-generated on the AATICD LMS as soon as the marks pass the 50% threshold.
  • Each certificate is a branded PDF with the delegate's name, the course title, the unit standard ID, NQF level, credits, and the date of issue.
  • You can download or print your certificate from your LMS dashboard at any time after issue — there's no reissue fee and no expiry date.
  • If you scored under 50% you can sit the final test again at the next scheduled session at no extra cost.
Where to find it

Sign in to the LMS, open your dashboard, and your certificates appear under My Certificates. Each entry has a View / Download button and a print option.

Training Discounts

Group discounts apply automatically — the more delegates you enrol, the greater the saving. Discounts are calculated at 3% per 5 delegates, scaling up to 40% off for 100+ delegates.

Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% discount per 5 delegates, up to 40% off for 100+ delegates. Contact us for a custom group quote.

Upcoming Training Sessions
Online training — attend live sessions from anywhere via our virtual classroom.
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Training Discounts
Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% off per 5 delegates, up to 40% for 100+

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