Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology Manufacturing and Assembly

Thermo Mechanical Pulp Production From Wood Chips Training

SAQA US 114249 | NQF 3 | Credits 26 | Duration 23 Days
From $3,731 per delegate

Description

This course equips learners with the theoretical and practical knowledge required to produce thermo mechanical pulp (TMP) from wood chips. It covers the principles of TMP processes, equipment operation, quality control, and safety considerations. Successful learners will be able to monitor and control the TMP production process in a pulp and paper mill setting.

Learning Outcomes

  • Explain the principles and stages of thermo mechanical pulp production from wood chips.
  • Operate and monitor TMP equipment, including refiners, screens, and cleaners, according to standard procedures.
  • Analyze pulp quality parameters such as freeness, fibre length, and shive content to ensure product specifications.
  • Implement safety and environmental measures relevant to TMP production, including dust and noise control.
  • Apply troubleshooting techniques to resolve common operational issues in the TMP process.
  • Evaluate the impact of raw material variability (e.g., wood species, chip size) on pulp quality and production efficiency.

Target Audience

This course is designed for process operators, technicians, and supervisors in the pulp and paper industry who are involved in or responsible for thermo mechanical pulp production. It is also suitable for entry-level engineers and quality control personnel seeking to deepen their understanding of TMP processes.

Prerequisites

None — open enrollment.

Course Outline

Day 1: Introduction to Thermo Mechanical Pulping

Objectives:
• Understand the principles of thermo mechanical pulping (TMP)
• Identify the raw materials and their properties
• Explain the TMP process flow
• Recognize the importance of TMP in paper production

Topics:
• Overview of pulping processes
• Wood chip characteristics and quality
• Basic TMP process: steaming, refining, and screening
• Comparison of TMP with other pulping methods

Day 2: Wood Chip Handling and Preparation

Objectives:
• Describe wood chip storage and handling systems
• Explain chip screening and washing
• Understand moisture content and its effects
• Identify quality control parameters for chips

Topics:
• Chip pile management and reclaim systems
• Chip screening: oversize, fines, and accepts
• Chip washing and dewatering
• Moisture measurement and control

Day 3: Pre-steaming and Impregnation

Objectives:
• Explain the purpose of pre-steaming
• Describe impregnation chemicals and their functions
• Understand the impact of temperature and time on chip softening
• Identify safety hazards in pre-steaming

Topics:
• Pre-steaming vessels and steam supply
• Chemical impregnation: sodium sulfite, bisulfite
• Chip softening mechanisms
• Safety protocols for high temperature and pressure

Day 4: Refining Fundamentals

Objectives:
• Describe the refining process and its objectives
• Identify refiner components and their functions
• Explain the role of energy input in fiber development
• Understand refiner plate patterns and their effects

Topics:
• Refiner types: single disc, double disc
• Refiner plates: design and materials
• Energy consumption and specific energy
• Fiber separation and fibrillation

Day 5: Refiner Operation and Control

Objectives:
• Operate a refiner under supervision
• Monitor key parameters: consistency, temperature, pressure
• Adjust refiner settings for optimal pulp quality
• Troubleshoot common operational issues

Topics:
• Start-up and shut-down procedures
• Control loops: dilution water, plate gap
• Online sensors for freeness and shives
• Vibration analysis and maintenance

Day 6: Latency and Screening

Objectives:
• Explain latency and its impact on pulp properties
• Describe the latency removal process
• Understand screening and cleaning systems
• Identify factors affecting shive content

Topics:
• Latency chests and agitation
• Hot stock screening
• Pressure screens and centrifugal cleaners
• Reject handling and refining

Day 7: Bleaching of TMP Pulp

Objectives:
• Understand the need for bleaching TMP
• Describe bleaching chemicals: hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydrosulfite
• Explain the bleaching process and conditions
• Evaluate brightness and yellowing

Topics:
• Brightness requirements for different paper grades
• Peroxide bleaching: alkalinity, temperature, time
• Reductive bleaching with hydrosulfite
• Optical brighteners and yellowing inhibition

Day 8: Pulp Quality Testing and Control

Objectives:
• Perform standard pulp quality tests
• Interpret test results for freeness, strength, brightness
• Adjust process parameters based on quality data
• Understand statistical process control (SPC)

Topics:
• Freeness (CSF) measurement
• Fiber length and coarseness analysis
• Sheet making and physical testing
• SPC charts and process capability

Day 9: Energy Efficiency and Optimization

Objectives:
• Identify major energy consumers in TMP
• Explain energy reduction strategies
• Understand heat recovery systems
• Analyze energy vs. pulp quality trade-offs

Topics:
• Refiner energy optimization
• Heat recovery from steam
• Variable frequency drives (VFDs)
• Benchmarking and best practices

Day 10: Water Management and Effluent Treatment

Objectives:
• Describe water circuits in a TMP mill
• Understand effluent characteristics
• Explain primary and secondary treatment
• Identify water conservation opportunities

Topics:
• Water balance and closure
• Effluent loads: BOD, COD, suspended solids
• Primary clarification and sludge handling
• Biological treatment: activated sludge, aerated lagoons

Day 11: Maintenance of TMP Equipment

Objectives:
• Identify key maintenance tasks for TMP equipment
• Understand preventive maintenance schedules
• Describe common wear mechanisms
• Plan a maintenance shutdown

Topics:
• Refiner plate wear and replacement
• Bearing and seal maintenance
• Screens and cleaner maintenance
• Lubrication and condition monitoring

Day 12: Process Control and Automation

Objectives:
• Understand the role of DCS in TMP
• Configure basic control loops
• Interpret process trends and alarms
• Implement advanced control strategies

Topics:
• Distributed control system (DCS) overview
• PID control for consistency and temperature
• Model predictive control for refining
• Alarm management and operator interface

Day 13: Safety in TMP Operations

Objectives:
• Identify major hazards in TMP: steam, rotating equipment, chemicals
• Apply lockout/tagout procedures
• Use personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Respond to emergencies

Topics:
• Hazard identification and risk assessment
• Safe work permits and confined space entry
• Fire and explosion prevention
• Emergency response drills

Day 14: Environmental Compliance and Sustainability

Objectives:
• Understand environmental regulations for pulp mills
• Describe air emissions and control
• Explain solid waste management
• Discuss sustainability initiatives

Topics:
• Air quality: particulate, TRS, VOC
• Odor control and biofilters
• Solid waste: bark, sludge, ash
• Life cycle assessment and carbon footprint

Day 15: Advanced Refining Technologies

Objectives:
• Describe high-consistency refining
• Understand RTS (retention time, temperature, speed) technology
• Explain low-energy TMP processes
• Evaluate benefits and drawbacks

Topics:
• High-consistency vs. low-consistency refining
• RTS: principles and applications
• Thermo mechanical pulping with chemical pretreatment (CTMP)
• Energy savings and pulp quality

Day 16: Troubleshooting and Problem Solving

Objectives:
• Diagnose common TMP problems
• Use root cause analysis techniques
• Implement corrective actions
• Document and share lessons learned

Topics:
• Problem-solving methodologies (5 Whys, fishbone)
• Common issues: low freeness, high shives, brightness reversion
• Case studies from industry
• Continuous improvement culture

Day 17: Mill Integration and Paper Machine Interface

Objectives:
• Understand how TMP integrates with paper machine
• Explain stock preparation and approach flow
• Describe broke handling and recycling
• Optimize pulp properties for paper grades

Topics:
• Stock blending and refining
• Approach flow system
• Broke system and repulping
• Tailoring pulp for newsprint, LWC, board

Day 18: Quality Management Systems

Objectives:
• Understand ISO 9001 requirements
• Develop a quality manual for TMP
• Conduct internal audits
• Implement corrective and preventive actions

Topics:
• Quality policy and objectives
• Document control and records
• Process control and monitoring
• Non-conformance and continuous improvement

Day 19: Cost Management and Economics

Objectives:
• Identify cost drivers in TMP production
• Calculate production costs
• Analyze cost reduction opportunities
• Understand budgeting and variance analysis

Topics:
• Raw material, energy, chemical costs
• Fixed vs. variable costs
• Cost per ton analysis
• Capital vs. operating expenditure

Day 20: Capstone Project and Course Review

Objectives:
• Integrate all course knowledge in a capstone project
• Present process improvement proposal
• Review key learning outcomes
• Prepare for assessment

Topics:
• Capstone project: optimize a TMP line
• Presentation and peer feedback
• Final assessment preparation
• Course evaluation and certification

Practicals

64 hours of practicals To be conducted online or on-campus or in-house
Overview

The practicals provide hands-on experience with TMP equipment and processes, reinforcing theoretical knowledge. Learners will operate refiner systems, perform pulp quality tests, and simulate troubleshooting scenarios in a controlled environment.

Practical Activities
  • Practical 1: Wood Chip Characterization and Pre-steaming — Learners assess chip quality through screening and moisture analysis, then operate a lab-scale pre-steaming unit to observe chip softening. (16h)
  • Practical 2: Refiner Operation and Parameter Adjustment — Learners operate a pilot-scale refiner, adjust plate gap and dilution, and monitor power consumption to produce pulp with target freeness. (16h)
  • Practical 3: Pulp Quality Testing and Bleaching — Learners conduct standard pulp tests (freeness, strength, brightness) and perform peroxide bleaching trials to achieve target brightness. (16h)
  • Practical 4: Troubleshooting and Process Optimization — Learners diagnose simulated process upsets (e.g., high shives, low brightness) and implement corrective actions using DCS interface. (16h)

Summatives

Each delegate is assessed continuously throughout the course via daily exercises, scored practical assignments, and a final summative test at the end.

Practical Assignments — 30%

Practical assignments are observed and scored against a rubric during the practical sessions. Each delegate's practical mark is averaged into a single 100% score and contributes 30% to the final total.

Daily Exercises — 20%

Every training day ends with a multiple-choice exercise scored out of 100%. The scores from each daily exercise are averaged across the duration of the course to produce a Daily Average mark, which contributes 20% to the final total.

Final Test — 50%

On the last day a final summative test is written. It is a multiple-choice paper with multiple-answer questions: each question may have more than one correct option, and a single wrong selection on a question marks the entire question wrong — no partial credit. The final test is scored out of 100% and contributes 50% to the overall mark.

Final Total
Component Out of Weight
Practical Assignments (rubric-scored) 100% 30%
Daily Average (multiple choice) 100% 20%
Final Test (multi-answer multiple choice) 100% 50%
Final Total 100%

All marks are recorded on the AATICD LMS and visible to each learner under their account.

Certificate

Certificate of Completion

Awarded to delegates who achieve an overall mark of 50% or higher on the Final Total (Practicals 30% + Daily Average 20% + Final Test 50%).

How it works
  • Certificates are auto-generated on the AATICD LMS as soon as the marks pass the 50% threshold.
  • Each certificate is a branded PDF with the delegate's name, the course title, the unit standard ID, NQF level, credits, and the date of issue.
  • You can download or print your certificate from your LMS dashboard at any time after issue — there's no reissue fee and no expiry date.
  • If you scored under 50% you can sit the final test again at the next scheduled session at no extra cost.
Where to find it

Sign in to the LMS, open your dashboard, and your certificates appear under My Certificates. Each entry has a View / Download button and a print option.

Training Discounts

Group discounts apply automatically — the more delegates you enrol, the greater the saving. Discounts are calculated at 3% per 5 delegates, scaling up to 40% off for 100+ delegates.

Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% discount per 5 delegates, up to 40% off for 100+ delegates. Contact us for a custom group quote.

Upcoming Training Sessions
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Training Discounts
Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% off per 5 delegates, up to 40% for 100+

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