Physical, Mathematical, Computer and Life Sciences Environmental Sciences

Meteorological Message Coding and Decoding Training

SAQA US 246541 | NQF 5 | Credits 18 | Duration 15 Days
From $2,624 per delegate

Description

This course equips learners with the skills to accurately code and decode meteorological messages using standard formats such as SYNOP, METAR, TAF, and SIGMET. Participants will gain the competence to interpret weather data for aviation, maritime, and general forecasting purposes, ensuring compliance with World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards.

Learning Outcomes

  • Apply the correct coding formats for SYNOP, METAR, TAF, and SIGMET messages according to WMO and ICAO standards.
  • Decode meteorological messages accurately to extract essential weather parameters such as temperature, pressure, wind, visibility, and cloud cover.
  • Analyze coded messages to identify weather phenomena, trends, and potential hazards.
  • Evaluate the completeness and consistency of meteorological reports to ensure data integrity.
  • Demonstrate proficiency in using reference manuals and coding tables to verify coded information.

Target Audience

This course is designed for meteorological technicians, weather observers, aviation weather specialists, and other professionals who need to encode or decode meteorological reports as part of their duties.

Prerequisites

None — open enrollment

Course Outline

Day 1: Introduction to Meteorological Messages

Objectives:
• Understand the purpose and structure of meteorological messages
• Identify key message types (METAR, TAF, SPECI, SIGMET)
• Recognize the role of message coding in aviation and weather services
• Explain the importance of accuracy and standardization

Topics:
• Overview of meteorology and weather observations
• Introduction to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards
• Types of meteorological messages and their applications
• Basic structure: header, body, and end markers
• Importance of coding for data exchange and safety

Day 2: METAR Code Fundamentals

Objectives:
• Define the METAR message format
• Decode routine weather reports
• Identify report type, station identifier, date/time, and wind groups
• Understand the use of AUTO and COR codes

Topics:
• METAR structure: report type, station ID, date/time
• Wind direction and speed encoding (KT, MPS, G, VRB)
• Visibility and runway visual range (RVR) coding
• Present weather phenomena codes (e.g., RA, SN, FG)
• Cloud cover and ceiling height (FEW, SCT, BKN, OVC)
• Temperature, dew point, and pressure (QNH) groups

Day 3: Advanced METAR Decoding

Objectives:
• Decode supplementary information in METARs
• Interpret recent weather, wind shear, and sea-level pressure
• Handle special remarks and trend forecasts (NOSIG, BECMG)
• Practice decoding complex METAR examples

Topics:
• Recent weather (REWG, RERA) and wind shear (WS)
• Sea-level pressure (SLP) and pressure tendency
• Supplementary information: sunshine, precipitation amounts
• Trend forecasts: NOSIG, BECMG, TEMPO
• Remarks section: icing, turbulence, volcanic ash
• Practical decoding exercises with real METARs

Day 4: METAR Encoding

Objectives:
• Construct METAR messages from observational data
• Apply correct codes for wind, visibility, weather, clouds
• Ensure compliance with WMO and ICAO standards
• Validate encoded messages for accuracy

Topics:
• Encoding wind groups: direction, speed, gusts, variable
• Encoding visibility and RVR
• Encoding present weather: intensity, proximity, descriptors
• Encoding cloud cover and vertical visibility
• Encoding temperature, dew point, and QNH
• Encoding remarks and trend forecasts
• Practical encoding exercises

Day 5: TAF Code Fundamentals

Objectives:
• Understand the TAF message format
• Decode aerodrome forecasts
• Interpret change indicators (FM, TEMPO, BECMG)
• Identify forecast periods and probability

Topics:
• TAF structure: report type, station ID, issue time, valid period
• Wind, visibility, weather, and cloud groups
• Change indicators: FM (from), TEMPO (temporary), BECMG (becoming)
• Probability groups: PROB30, PROB40
• Additional groups: icing, turbulence, QNH
• Differences between METAR and TAF

Day 6: Advanced TAF Decoding and Encoding

Objectives:
• Decode complex TAFs with multiple change groups
• Encode TAFs from forecast data
• Handle optional groups and remarks
• Apply probability and trend concepts

Topics:
• Decoding TAFs with FM, TEMPO, and BECMG combinations
• Encoding TAFs with time periods and changes
• Optional groups: icing, turbulence, wind shear
• Remarks section: volcanic ash, cumulonimbus
• Practical decoding and encoding exercises
• Quality control of TAF messages

Day 7: SPECI and Special Messages

Objectives:
• Define SPECI criteria and triggers
• Decode and encode SPECI messages
• Understand SIGMET and AIRMET messages
• Recognize volcanic ash and tropical cyclone advisories

Topics:
• SPECI criteria: significant changes in wind, visibility, weather
• SPECI encoding: same format as METAR with SPECI indicator
• SIGMET: severe weather warnings for aviation
• AIRMET: moderate weather phenomena
• Volcanic ash advisories (VAA) and tropical cyclone advisories (TCA)
• Practical exercises with SPECI and SIGMET

Day 8: SYNOP and Ship Reports

Objectives:
• Understand SYNOP codes for surface synoptic observations
• Decode ship and buoy reports
• Identify pressure, temperature, and wind groups
• Recognize the use of CLIMAT messages

Topics:
• SYNOP structure: section 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
• Station identifier, date/time, wind, pressure, temperature
• Cloud types and amounts, present and past weather
• Ship and buoy reports: SHIP, BUOY
• CLIMAT messages for monthly climate data
• Practical decoding of SYNOP examples

Day 9: Upper Air and Radiosonde Data

Objectives:
• Understand TEMP and PILOT codes for upper air data
• Decode significant and mandatory levels
• Interpret wind, temperature, and humidity profiles
• Apply codes for radiosonde and pilot balloon observations

Topics:
• TEMP codes: mandatory and significant levels
• PILOT codes for upper wind observations
• Temperature, dew point, wind direction and speed
• Geopotential height and pressure levels
• Radiosonde data coding and decoding
• Practical exercises with TEMP and PILOT messages

Day 10: Satellite and Radar Data

Objectives:
• Interpret satellite imagery codes
• Decode radar data messages
• Understand the role of remote sensing in meteorology
• Apply codes for cloud top height and atmospheric motion vectors

Topics:
• Satellite message codes: cloud imagery, water vapor
• Radar data codes: precipitation type and intensity
• Cloud top height and atmospheric motion vectors
• Integration of satellite and radar data with surface observations
• Practical decoding of satellite and radar messages

Day 11: Aviation Weather Messages (TAF, METAR, SIGMET) Integration

Objectives:
• Synthesize METAR, TAF, and SIGMET for flight planning
• Decode and apply operational weather products
• Assess weather conditions for takeoff, landing, and en-route
• Communicate weather information effectively

Topics:
• Integration of METAR, TAF, and SIGMET for aviation
• Flight planning using coded messages
• Decoding NOTAMs and SNOWTAMs
• Use of weather radar and satellite data in aviation
• Practical case studies: route planning, diversions

Day 12: Marine and Coastal Weather Messages

Objectives:
• Decode marine weather forecasts and warnings
• Understand SHIP and BUOY reports
• Interpret wave height, swell, and sea state codes
• Apply codes for coastal and offshore operations

Topics:
• Marine forecast codes: WMO and national variants
• Wave height, swell direction, and period coding
• Sea state and ice accretion codes
• SHIP and BUOY report decoding
• Practical exercises with marine weather messages

Day 13: Quality Control and Error Detection

Objectives:
• Identify common coding errors in meteorological messages
• Apply quality control procedures
• Use automated tools for validation
• Correct errors and reissue messages

Topics:
• Common errors: format, range, consistency
• Quality control procedures: manual and automated
• Use of validation software and algorithms
• Correcting errors and reissuing messages
• Case studies of error detection and correction

Day 14: International Standards and Regulations

Objectives:
• Understand WMO and ICAO standards
• Apply SAQA and South African Weather Service guidelines
• Recognize changes in coding standards
• Ensure compliance with regulatory requirements

Topics:
• WMO Publication 306: Manual on Codes
• ICAO Annex 3: Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation
• South African Weather Service regulations
• Recent changes and updates to coding standards
• Compliance and audit requirements

Day 15: Review, Assessment, and Practical Integration

Objectives:
• Consolidate all coding and decoding skills
• Complete a comprehensive assessment
• Demonstrate proficiency in message encoding and decoding
• Apply knowledge to real-world scenarios

Topics:
• Review of all message types and codes
• Comprehensive coding and decoding exercises
• Scenario-based assessments: aviation, marine, synoptic
• Final assessment: encode and decode a set of messages
• Course wrap-up and certification

Practicals

48 hours of practicals To be conducted online or on-campus or in-house
Overview

Practical sessions provide hands-on experience in encoding and decoding real meteorological messages using standard formats. Learners will work with actual METAR, TAF, SYNOP, and other reports to build proficiency, followed by quality control exercises and scenario-based integration tasks.

Practical Activities
  • METAR and TAF Decoding and Encoding — Learners decode and encode a series of METAR and TAF messages from real observational and forecast data, using reference tables and software tools. (16h)
  • SYNOP and Upper Air Decoding — Learners decode SYNOP and TEMP messages, extracting surface and upper-air parameters, and practice encoding SYNOP reports from simulated observations. (12h)
  • Special Messages and Aviation Integration — Learners decode SPECI, SIGMET, and AIRMET messages, then integrate METAR, TAF, and SIGMET to assess aviation weather conditions for flight planning scenarios. (12h)
  • Quality Control and Final Assessment — Learners perform quality control on a set of coded messages, detecting and correcting errors, then complete a comprehensive assessment covering all message types. (8h)

Summatives

Each delegate is assessed continuously throughout the course via daily exercises, scored practical assignments, and a final summative test at the end.

Practical Assignments — 30%

Practical assignments are observed and scored against a rubric during the practical sessions. Each delegate's practical mark is averaged into a single 100% score and contributes 30% to the final total.

Daily Exercises — 20%

Every training day ends with a multiple-choice exercise scored out of 100%. The scores from each daily exercise are averaged across the duration of the course to produce a Daily Average mark, which contributes 20% to the final total.

Final Test — 50%

On the last day a final summative test is written. It is a multiple-choice paper with multiple-answer questions: each question may have more than one correct option, and a single wrong selection on a question marks the entire question wrong — no partial credit. The final test is scored out of 100% and contributes 50% to the overall mark.

Final Total
Component Out of Weight
Practical Assignments (rubric-scored) 100% 30%
Daily Average (multiple choice) 100% 20%
Final Test (multi-answer multiple choice) 100% 50%
Final Total 100%

All marks are recorded on the AATICD LMS and visible to each learner under their account.

Certificate

Certificate of Completion

Awarded to delegates who achieve an overall mark of 50% or higher on the Final Total (Practicals 30% + Daily Average 20% + Final Test 50%).

How it works
  • Certificates are auto-generated on the AATICD LMS as soon as the marks pass the 50% threshold.
  • Each certificate is a branded PDF with the delegate's name, the course title, the unit standard ID, NQF level, credits, and the date of issue.
  • You can download or print your certificate from your LMS dashboard at any time after issue — there's no reissue fee and no expiry date.
  • If you scored under 50% you can sit the final test again at the next scheduled session at no extra cost.
Where to find it

Sign in to the LMS, open your dashboard, and your certificates appear under My Certificates. Each entry has a View / Download button and a print option.

Training Discounts

Group discounts apply automatically — the more delegates you enrol, the greater the saving. Discounts are calculated at 3% per 5 delegates, scaling up to 40% off for 100+ delegates.

Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% discount per 5 delegates, up to 40% off for 100+ delegates. Contact us for a custom group quote.

Upcoming Training Sessions
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Fri 07 Jan 2028 Thu 27 Jan 2028 Your Premises Summer 2027 $3,413 Register
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Training Discounts
Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% off per 5 delegates, up to 40% for 100+

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