Physical, Mathematical, Computer and Life Sciences Physical Sciences

Aircraft Ground Movement by Tow Tractors Training

SAQA US 261178 | NQF 4 | Credits 14 | Duration 11 Days
From $1,523 per delegate

Description

This course equips learners with the knowledge and skills required to safely and effectively move aircraft on the ground using tow tractors. It covers the principles of aircraft ground movement, operational procedures, and safety protocols to prevent accidents and damage. Learners will understand the responsibilities of ground crew and the importance of communication during towing operations.

Learning Outcomes

  • Demonstrate the correct procedures for attaching and detaching a tow tractor to an aircraft.
  • Apply safety protocols and risk assessment techniques during aircraft ground movement.
  • Analyze different types of tow tractors and their appropriate applications for various aircraft.
  • Evaluate communication methods and signals used between the tow tractor driver and ground crew.
  • Implement pre-movement checks and post-movement procedures for tow tractors and aircraft.
  • Identify potential hazards and emergency procedures related to aircraft towing operations.

Target Audience

This course is designed for ground handling staff, ramp agents, and aviation operations personnel who are involved in the movement of aircraft on the ground. It is also suitable for supervisors and managers overseeing ground operations at airports.

Prerequisites

None — open enrollment

Course Outline

Day 1: Introduction to Aircraft Ground Movement and Tow Tractors

Objectives:
• Understand the role of tow tractors in aircraft ground movement
• Identify different types of tow tractors and their applications
• Recognize the importance of safety in ground handling operations
• Describe the basic principles of aircraft towing

Topics:
• Overview of aircraft ground movement operations
• Types of tow tractors: pushback tugs, towbarless tugs, conventional tugs
• Key components of a tow tractor
• Safety regulations and industry standards (IATA, SA-CAA)
• Introduction to aircraft towing procedures

Day 2: Tow Tractor Systems and Pre-Operational Checks

Objectives:
• Identify major systems of a tow tractor (engine, transmission, brakes, steering)
• Perform pre-operational checks according to manufacturer guidelines
• Understand hydraulic and electrical systems
• Recognize common faults and warning indicators

Topics:
• Tow tractor systems overview: power train, hydraulics, electrical
• Daily inspection checklist: fluids, tires, lights, brakes
• Start-up and shut-down procedures
• Interpretation of dashboard gauges and warning lights
• Basic troubleshooting of common issues

Day 3: Aircraft Towing Equipment and Attachments

Objectives:
• Identify different towing attachments: towbars, towbarless adapters
• Understand weight limits and load capacities
• Inspect and maintain towing equipment
• Know the correct attachment procedures for various aircraft types

Topics:
• Towbar types and compatibility with aircraft
• Towbarless towing technology
• Load capacity calculations and limitations
• Inspection of towbars and adapters for wear and damage
• Proper storage and handling of equipment

Day 4: Communication and Coordination in Ground Operations

Objectives:
• Use standard radio phraseology for ground movement
• Coordinate with ground crew, marshallers, and flight deck
• Understand hand signals and marshalling commands
• Apply effective teamwork during pushback and towing

Topics:
• Radio communication protocols and frequencies
• Standard hand signals for aircraft marshalling
• Roles and responsibilities of ground crew
• Communication during pushback and taxi
• Emergency communication procedures

Day 5: Aircraft Weight, Balance, and Towing Limits

Objectives:
• Calculate aircraft weight and balance for towing
• Understand turning radii and clearance requirements
• Apply safe towing speeds and distances
• Recognize the impact of wind and weather on towing

Topics:
• Aircraft weight and balance principles
• Determining towing limits based on aircraft type
• Turning radius and wingtip clearance calculations
• Safe towing speeds for different conditions
• Weather considerations: wind, rain, ice

Day 6: Pushback Procedures and Techniques

Objectives:
• Execute pushback procedures for various aircraft
• Coordinate with flight deck during pushback
• Manage obstacles and confined spaces
• Apply emergency stop procedures

Topics:
• Standard pushback procedures (with and without towbar)
• Communication with cockpit during pushback
• Navigating tight spaces and obstacles
• Use of wing walkers and spotters
• Emergency stop and abort procedures

Day 7: Towing Aircraft on Taxiways and Aprons

Objectives:
• Plan towing routes on taxiways and aprons
• Adhere to airport markings and signage
• Manage towing in low visibility conditions
• Understand right-of-way rules

Topics:
• Airport layout: taxiways, aprons, runways
• Taxiway markings, signs, and lighting
• Towing in low visibility (fog, night)
• Right-of-way and yielding procedures
• Towing multiple aircraft (towing trains)

Day 8: Safety and Emergency Procedures

Objectives:
• Identify hazards associated with aircraft towing
• Apply risk assessment and mitigation
• Respond to emergencies: brake failure, towbar breakage, fire
• Understand incident reporting procedures

Topics:
• Hazard identification: jet blast, FOD, collisions
• Risk assessment matrix and controls
• Emergency response: brake failure, towbar detachment
• Fire extinguisher use and evacuation
• Incident reporting and documentation

Day 9: Regulations and Documentation

Objectives:
• Interpret SA-CAA regulations relevant to ground handling
• Complete tow logs and maintenance records
• Understand liability and insurance requirements
• Apply quality assurance principles

Topics:
• SA-CAA regulations (Part 139, 140)
• Aircraft movement logs and records
• Maintenance documentation for tow tractors
• Liability and insurance in ground operations
• Quality assurance audits and inspections

Day 10: Advanced Towing Scenarios and Special Operations

Objectives:
• Tow aircraft in challenging conditions (slopes, tight ramps)
• Handle disabled or abnormal aircraft
• Operate in adverse weather (strong winds, ice)
• Coordinate with maintenance and other departments

Topics:
• Towing on slopes and uneven surfaces
• Towing disabled aircraft (engine failure, flat tires)
• Operations in high winds and icy conditions
• Coordination with maintenance hangars
• Towing wide-body aircraft (special considerations)

Day 11: Assessment, Review, and Practical Integration

Objectives:
• Demonstrate competency in all towing procedures
• Complete a simulated towing operation
• Review course material and clarify doubts
• Prepare for formal assessment

Topics:
• Comprehensive review of key concepts
• Simulated pushback and towing exercise
• Written assessment on regulations and procedures
• Feedback session and course evaluation
• Certification requirements and next steps

Practicals

44 hours of practicals To be conducted online or on-campus or in-house
Overview

Practical sessions provide hands-on experience in operating tow tractors, attaching towing equipment, and executing pushback and towing maneuvers under supervision. Learners will apply safety procedures, communication protocols, and emergency responses in a controlled environment to build competence and confidence.

Practical Activities
  • Pre-Operational Checks and Tow Tractor Familiarization — Learners perform daily inspections on a tow tractor, identify components, and practice start-up/shut-down procedures. (8h)
  • Attachment and Towing Equipment Handling — Learners practice attaching and detaching towbars and adapters to different aircraft types, and inspect equipment for serviceability. (8h)
  • Pushback and Towing Maneuvers — Under supervision, learners execute pushback procedures and tow aircraft on taxiways, including obstacle avoidance and emergency stops. (16h)
  • Emergency Scenarios and Adverse Conditions — Learners respond to simulated emergencies such as brake failure and towbar breakage, and practice towing in low visibility or wind. (8h)
  • Integrated Practical Assessment — Learners demonstrate all skills in a full towing operation from pre-checks to post-tow, assessed against industry standards. (4h)

Summatives

Each delegate is assessed continuously throughout the course via daily exercises, scored practical assignments, and a final summative test at the end.

Practical Assignments — 30%

Practical assignments are observed and scored against a rubric during the practical sessions. Each delegate's practical mark is averaged into a single 100% score and contributes 30% to the final total.

Daily Exercises — 20%

Every training day ends with a multiple-choice exercise scored out of 100%. The scores from each daily exercise are averaged across the duration of the course to produce a Daily Average mark, which contributes 20% to the final total.

Final Test — 50%

On the last day a final summative test is written. It is a multiple-choice paper with multiple-answer questions: each question may have more than one correct option, and a single wrong selection on a question marks the entire question wrong — no partial credit. The final test is scored out of 100% and contributes 50% to the overall mark.

Final Total
Component Out of Weight
Practical Assignments (rubric-scored) 100% 30%
Daily Average (multiple choice) 100% 20%
Final Test (multi-answer multiple choice) 100% 50%
Final Total 100%

All marks are recorded on the AATICD LMS and visible to each learner under their account.

Certificate

Certificate of Completion

Awarded to delegates who achieve an overall mark of 50% or higher on the Final Total (Practicals 30% + Daily Average 20% + Final Test 50%).

How it works
  • Certificates are auto-generated on the AATICD LMS as soon as the marks pass the 50% threshold.
  • Each certificate is a branded PDF with the delegate's name, the course title, the unit standard ID, NQF level, credits, and the date of issue.
  • You can download or print your certificate from your LMS dashboard at any time after issue — there's no reissue fee and no expiry date.
  • If you scored under 50% you can sit the final test again at the next scheduled session at no extra cost.
Where to find it

Sign in to the LMS, open your dashboard, and your certificates appear under My Certificates. Each entry has a View / Download button and a print option.

Training Discounts

Group discounts apply automatically — the more delegates you enrol, the greater the saving. Discounts are calculated at 3% per 5 delegates, scaling up to 40% off for 100+ delegates.

Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% discount per 5 delegates, up to 40% off for 100+ delegates. Contact us for a custom group quote.

Upcoming Training Sessions
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On-Campus training — face-to-face sessions at our training venues across Africa and beyond.
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In-House training — we bring the trainer to your organisation, tailored to your team.
No in-house sessions scheduled yet.
Let us know you're interested and we'll arrange a session that suits you.
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Training Discounts
Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% off per 5 delegates, up to 40% for 100+

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