Agriculture and Nature Conservation Primary Agriculture

Selecting Extension Approaches in Simple Settings Training

SAQA US 252896 | NQF 6 | Credits 20 | Duration 17 Days
From $2,905 per delegate

Description

This course equips learners with the skills to select and apply appropriate extension approaches in simple settings. Participants will learn to match extension methods to community needs, communicate effectively, and evaluate the impact of their interventions.

Learning Outcomes

  • Identify and differentiate between common extension approaches suitable for simple settings.
  • Apply appropriate extension methods to address specific community needs and contexts.
  • Demonstrate effective communication and facilitation skills during extension activities.
  • Evaluate the effectiveness of selected extension approaches through feedback and observation.
  • Adapt extension strategies based on situational factors and stakeholder input.
  • Design a simple extension plan that incorporates appropriate approaches and evaluation criteria.

Target Audience

Extension officers, agricultural advisors, and community development workers operating in simple, low-resource settings who need to apply practical extension approaches.

Prerequisites

None — open enrollment

Course Outline

Day 1: Introduction to Extension Approaches

Objectives:
• Define agricultural extension and its role in rural development
• Identify the historical evolution of extension approaches
• Explain the concept of "simple settings" in extension
• Distinguish between different extension philosophies
• Recognize the importance of selecting appropriate approaches

Topics:
• What is agricultural extension?
• History of extension in South Africa
• Simple settings: characteristics and examples
• Overview of extension approaches: linear, participatory, and pluralistic
• Key stakeholders in extension
• Ethics and professionalism in extension

Day 2: Understanding Simple Settings

Objectives:
• Describe the socio-economic features of simple settings
• Analyze the farming systems in simple settings
• Identify communication patterns in rural communities
• Assess the role of indigenous knowledge
• Evaluate the impact of policy on simple settings

Topics:
• Socio-economic profile of smallholder farmers
• Farming systems and livelihood strategies
• Rural communication networks
• Indigenous knowledge systems
• Policy environment and extension
• Gender dynamics in simple settings

Day 3: Principles of Extension Approach Selection

Objectives:
• Explain the criteria for selecting extension approaches
• Match extension objectives with approach characteristics
• Consider resource availability and constraints
• Evaluate the capacity of extension staff
• Understand the importance of stakeholder participation

Topics:
• Criteria for approach selection
• Objective-approach alignment
• Resource assessment: human, financial, material
• Staff competencies and training needs
• Participatory decision-making
• Case studies on selection criteria

Day 4: Linear Transfer-of-Technology Approach

Objectives:
• Describe the linear transfer-of-technology model
• Identify its strengths and weaknesses
• Analyze appropriate contexts for its use
• Discuss the role of research and extension linkages
• Critique the approach using real-world examples

Topics:
• The TOT model: theory and practice
• Strengths: simplicity, clear roles
• Weaknesses: low adoption, top-down
• Research-extension-farmer linkages
• Case studies: green revolution, hybrid seeds
• When to use TOT in simple settings

Day 5: Participatory Approaches

Objectives:
• Define participatory extension and its principles
• Differentiate between participation levels
• Apply participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools
• Facilitate farmer-led learning
• Evaluate the impact of participation on adoption

Topics:
• Principles of participation
• Ladder of participation
• PRA tools: mapping, ranking, calendars
• Farmer field schools
• Participatory technology development
• Benefits and challenges in simple settings

Day 6: Advisory and Consultative Approaches

Objectives:
• Explain the advisory approach and its applications
• Describe consultative approaches in extension
• Identify when to use expert-driven advice
• Compare advisory with participatory methods
• Assess the role of private sector extension

Topics:
• Advisory services: models and examples
• Consultative approaches: expert panels, helplines
• When to give advice vs. facilitate
• Private sector extension: agribusiness, NGOs
• Cost-effectiveness of advisory approaches
• Case studies from South Africa

Day 7: Group Extension and Community-Based Approaches

Objectives:
• Understand the role of groups in extension
• Describe community-based natural resource management
• Facilitate group formation and dynamics
• Apply farmer-to-farmer extension methods
• Evaluate group approaches for collective action

Topics:
• Types of groups: commodity, savings, self-help
• Group dynamics and leadership
• Community-based extension: CBNRM, watershed
• Farmer-to-farmer extension
• Peer learning and social capital
• Challenges: free-riding, conflict

Day 8: Communication and Information Technologies

Objectives:
• Identify ICT tools for extension in simple settings
• Use mobile phones and SMS for information delivery
• Explore radio and other mass media approaches
• Evaluate the digital divide and inclusivity
• Design a simple ICT-based extension message

Topics:
• ICT in extension: overview
• Mobile-based extension: apps, SMS, voice
• Radio and community broadcasting
• Video and multimedia learning
• Digital literacy and access issues
• Designing effective messages

Day 9: Monitoring and Evaluation of Extension Approaches

Objectives:
• Define monitoring and evaluation (M&E) in extension
• Develop indicators for approach effectiveness
• Collect and analyze data from simple settings
• Use M&E for adaptive management
• Report findings to stakeholders

Topics:
• M&E frameworks: logical framework, theory of change
• Indicator development: process, output, outcome
• Data collection methods: surveys, interviews
• Participatory M&E
• Using M&E to improve approaches
• Reporting and feedback loops

Day 10: Gender and Social Inclusion in Extension

Objectives:
• Recognize gender roles in simple settings
• Apply gender-sensitive extension approaches
• Address barriers for women and youth
• Promote inclusive participation
• Evaluate gender outcomes of extension

Topics:
• Gender analysis frameworks
• Women in agriculture: constraints and opportunities
• Youth engagement in extension
• Inclusive communication strategies
• Gender-sensitive indicators
• Case studies on inclusive approaches

Day 11: Institutional Arrangements and Partnerships

Objectives:
• Describe institutional actors in extension
• Analyze public, private, and NGO roles
• Build partnerships for effective extension
• Understand funding mechanisms
• Coordinate multi-stakeholder initiatives

Topics:
• Public extension systems
• Private sector and value chain approaches
• NGO and civil society roles
• Partnership models: contracts, consortia
• Funding sources: government, donors, fees
• Coordination challenges and solutions

Day 12: Policy and Legislative Frameworks

Objectives:
• Identify relevant policies affecting extension
• Understand the Agricultural Extension Policy
• Analyze the impact of land reform on extension
• Navigate regulatory requirements
• Advocate for policy support

Topics:
• South African agricultural policy landscape
• Extension policy and strategy
• Land reform and extension services
• Food security policies
• Regulatory compliance: pesticides, GMOs
• Policy advocacy and lobbying

Day 13: Capacity Building and Training of Extension Staff

Objectives:
• Assess training needs of extension workers
• Design competency-based training programs
• Facilitate adult learning principles
• Evaluate training effectiveness
• Plan continuous professional development

Topics:
• Training needs assessment
• Curriculum design for extensionists
• Adult learning theory
• Facilitation skills
• Mentoring and coaching
• Monitoring training impact

Day 14: Case Studies in Approach Selection

Objectives:
• Analyze real-world case studies from southern Africa
• Identify successful and failed approach selections
• Apply selection criteria to case scenarios
• Draw lessons for practice
• Present findings to peers

Topics:
• Case study 1: Smallholder maize in Limpopo
• Case study 2: Livestock extension in Eastern Cape
• Case study 3: Horticulture in KwaZulu-Natal
• Case study 4: Conservation agriculture in Free State
• Group analysis and presentation
• Key lessons learned

Day 15: Designing an Extension Approach for a Simple Setting

Objectives:
• Conduct a situational analysis of a simple setting
• Select appropriate extension approach(es)
• Design a detailed implementation plan
• Justify approach selection with evidence
• Present the plan for feedback

Topics:
• Situational analysis tools
• Stakeholder mapping
• Approach selection matrix
• Implementation planning: activities, timeline, budget
• Risk assessment
• Presentation and peer review

Day 16: Integration and Sustainability

Objectives:
• Integrate multiple approaches for complex settings
• Plan for sustainability of extension interventions
• Address exit strategies and phase-out
• Foster local ownership and capacity
• Evaluate long-term impact

Topics:
• Blended approaches: combining methods
• Sustainability dimensions: social, economic, environmental
• Exit strategies and handover
• Building local institutions
• Long-term impact assessment
• Adaptive management

Day 17: Course Review and Assessment

Objectives:
• Synthesize key concepts from the course
• Demonstrate ability to select extension approaches
• Complete a summative assessment
• Reflect on personal learning and application
• Plan for professional practice

Topics:
• Review of all days' content
• Group discussion on application
• Summative assessment: written exam and case study
• Self-reflection and feedback
• Course evaluation
• Certification and next steps

Practicals

68 hours of practicals To be conducted online or on-campus or in-house
Overview

The practicals component provides hands-on experience in applying extension approaches in simulated simple settings. Learners will practice using participatory tools, design ICT messages, conduct mini-M&E, and develop a full extension plan through role-plays and fieldwork.

Practical Activities
  • Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Simulation — Learners conduct a simulated PRA in a village setting, using tools like resource mapping, seasonal calendars, and ranking exercises with role-playing farmers. (16h)
  • Design and Deliver an ICT Extension Message — Learners design a mobile-based extension message (SMS or voice) on a chosen agricultural topic, then deliver it to a test group and evaluate comprehension. (12h)
  • Monitoring and Evaluation Data Collection Exercise — Learners collect real or simulated M&E data using surveys and focus group discussions, then analyze results and present recommendations. (16h)
  • Extension Approach Selection and Planning Role-Play — In teams, learners are given a simple setting scenario, select an appropriate extension approach, and develop a detailed 3-month implementation plan, which they present and defend. (24h)

Summatives

Each delegate is assessed continuously throughout the course via daily exercises, scored practical assignments, and a final summative test at the end.

Practical Assignments — 30%

Practical assignments are observed and scored against a rubric during the practical sessions. Each delegate's practical mark is averaged into a single 100% score and contributes 30% to the final total.

Daily Exercises — 20%

Every training day ends with a multiple-choice exercise scored out of 100%. The scores from each daily exercise are averaged across the duration of the course to produce a Daily Average mark, which contributes 20% to the final total.

Final Test — 50%

On the last day a final summative test is written. It is a multiple-choice paper with multiple-answer questions: each question may have more than one correct option, and a single wrong selection on a question marks the entire question wrong — no partial credit. The final test is scored out of 100% and contributes 50% to the overall mark.

Final Total
Component Out of Weight
Practical Assignments (rubric-scored) 100% 30%
Daily Average (multiple choice) 100% 20%
Final Test (multi-answer multiple choice) 100% 50%
Final Total 100%

All marks are recorded on the AATICD LMS and visible to each learner under their account.

Certificate

Certificate of Completion

Awarded to delegates who achieve an overall mark of 50% or higher on the Final Total (Practicals 30% + Daily Average 20% + Final Test 50%).

How it works
  • Certificates are auto-generated on the AATICD LMS as soon as the marks pass the 50% threshold.
  • Each certificate is a branded PDF with the delegate's name, the course title, the unit standard ID, NQF level, credits, and the date of issue.
  • You can download or print your certificate from your LMS dashboard at any time after issue — there's no reissue fee and no expiry date.
  • If you scored under 50% you can sit the final test again at the next scheduled session at no extra cost.
Where to find it

Sign in to the LMS, open your dashboard, and your certificates appear under My Certificates. Each entry has a View / Download button and a print option.

Training Discounts

Group discounts apply automatically — the more delegates you enrol, the greater the saving. Discounts are calculated at 3% per 5 delegates, scaling up to 40% off for 100+ delegates.

Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% discount per 5 delegates, up to 40% off for 100+ delegates. Contact us for a custom group quote.

Upcoming Training Sessions
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On-Campus training — face-to-face sessions at our training venues across Africa and beyond.
Showing all 492 sessions across 26 venues
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Tue 04 Jan 2028 Wed 26 Jan 2028 Your Premises Summer 2027 $3,775 Register
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Training Discounts
Delegates Discount
5 3% off
10 6% off
15 9% off
20 12% off
25 15% off
30 18% off
50 30% off
75 35% off
100 40% off

3% off per 5 delegates, up to 40% for 100+

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